Carbureter.



F. W. HAGAR.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I4. 1915.

Patented July 31, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Zizycvz Zor F. WFHAGARL CARBURETER.

APPUCATION FILED JULY 14, 1915.

Patented J uly 31, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHFIT Nvw \ww FRANKLIN HAGQR, OF

NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE; LBERT s. :oevrs nxnco'ron or "FaAnK w.nAeAnnEcEA'snn ceRBUnETER.

Application filed July 1'4, 1915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN N. Haeen, a citizen of the .United' States,residing at Nashville, in the county of Davidson and State of Tennessee,have invented new and useful Improvements in" Carbureters, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to a carbureter for operation with eithergasolene or coaloil, and one object of the invention is to provide acarbureter comprising an organization of elements which automaticallyoperate to give the proper proportionate parts of air and hydrocarbonthroughout the same as an entirety with the slightest possible amount ofvariation. A further object of the invention is to give an absolutemixture of air and hydrocarbon completely breaking up or comminuting theglobules of hydrocarbon by mechanical means without additional heat.Practice has demonstrated that it is just as easy to vaporize low gradegasolene, coaloil, kerosene, etc., if properly handled, as it is tovaporize the more volatile hydrocarbons. Heretofore it has beenconsidered necessary to adopt a high temperature to vaporize low gradegasolene, kerosene, etc, but experiment has demonstrated that thisoperation is not solely due to temperature, but on the contrary thesudden changes in temperature that the hydrocarbon is subjected to willeffect a vaporization thereof. Therefore, it will be understood that thepresent invention contemplates the provision of means for thoroughlybreaking up or comminuting hydrocarbon globules by bringing the primaryair into immediate contact with the hydrocarbon on its way to the motorand thereby lower the temperature of the hydrocarbonby volatilizationbelow the temperature of the primary air. Another essential structuralfeature of the present improved oarbureter is that the float feedchamber, oil channels and air ducts are formed in a one-piece orintegral casting. \Vhen the improved carbureter is once adjusteditremains so in all conditions of operations, and the adjustments can bemade irrespective of the position of the vehicle containing the motor towhich the carbureter is attached and. will meet all road con ditionsperfectly.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented uly 31, 1917. Serial No. 33,866. I r I One practical embodimentof the improved carbureter is illustrated in the accompanying drawingsfor the purpose of demonstrating an operative organization of elementscarrying out the operation of mechanically breaking up the globules ofthe hydrocarbon used therewith and to illustrate the adjust-- ment whichaccommodates all road conditions.

' In the drawings Figure 1' is a rear elevation of the improvedcarbureter embodying the features of the invention. l

- Fig. 2 is atransverse vertical section through the carbureter.

Fig. 8 is a section taken in the plane of the line 33, Fig. 2. i

Fig. i is a horizontal section taken in the plane of the line M, Fig. 3.

Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional elevations, partially in diagram, showingthe float feed regulation under different conditions.

Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of a rocker arm controlled by thefloat and engaging a portion of the needle valve which regulates thesupply of hydrocarbon to the carbureter.

The numeral 5 designates a casing which in the main is formed as onecasting and embodies a float chamber 6, an elongated nozzle chamber 7,an upper duct and mixing chamber extension 8 at one side, and a topcylindrical air charging duct 9 having an outlet 10. The float chamber 6is provided with a removable closing cap 11, and the upper portion ofthe chamber 7 is reduced as at 12, the reduction being provided byincreasing the thickness of the upper portion of the wall of saidchamber, as at 13. The lower portion of the thickened wall 13 isinteriorly screw-threaded, as at l l, to receive the upperscrew-threaded head 15 of an elongated nozzle plug 16 having a bore 17extending centrally therethrough from the lower end to a point near theupper terminal of the head 15 where a reduced bore 18 communicatestherewith and continues through a reduced extremity 19 of ,thehead 15,said extremity constituting a nozzle. The head 15 is alsocircumferentially channeled,v as at '20, and communicating with thischannel is an upwardly inclined ductgt for a purpose whichwill bepresently explained. The lower end of the nozzle plug 16 is enlarged, asat and formed with a flange which closely abuts against the lower end ofthe wall of the nozzle chamber 7, and the bore 17 is closed at its lowerportion by a screw plug 2% which may be re moved as desired to clean thesaid bore 1?. The lower portion of the chamber 7 has communication withthe float chamber 6 by means of a port formed in the intermediate wall26 between the float'chamber and the said nozzle chamber 7, and the bore17 has communication with the nozzle chamber 7 through the medium of aport 2? formed in the nozzle plug, the said port as shown by Fig. 2,extending fully across the plug. The upper portion of the bore 17 alsohas communication with the annular channel 20 through the medium of acrossport 28 formed in the head 15 of the plug 16. The float chambercomprises an inward extension 29 from which depends an inlet member 30having a lower exteriorly screwthreaded terminal 31 with a bore 32extending therethrough and provided with a valve seat 33 for the lowerend of a needle valve 34 vertically movable in the extension 29 andhaving its upper portion engaging a cap 35 with a bore 36, said capbeing removably mounted in an upper tubular extremity 37 of theextension 29. The needle valve 3st is provided with a lower reduced end,as usual, to engage; the seat 33, and at a point above the centerthereof an elongated weight collar 3S is secured thereto or forms a partthereof and operates to normally close the valve or cause the latter togravitate so that the lower reduced end will firmly engage the seat 33.The SCI'QlVL-lll'QZlClQll terminal 31 may have any suitable form ofsupply device, such as a pipe, connected thereto and whereby thegasolene, coaloil, kerosene or any other hydrocarbon of a like charactermay be fed to the float chamber 6.

In the float chamber 6 a float 39 is eccentrically mounted, and theparticular mount- 7 ing consists of a bushing 40 disposed therein, asclearly shown by Fig. l, and through the bushing a rod or pin 41 isinserted and has hearing at its opposite ends in an enlargement at? inthe wall 23 and in the closing cap 11 of the float chamber. This pinconstitutes the fulcrum of the float and is held against rotation, thebushing or sleeve -10 being free to rotate on this fulcrum pin. By meansof the eccentric mounting of the float it will be seen that it will havea tiltin or dipping action when the charge in the float chamber lowersbelow a certain point, and the control of the supply of the gasolene,kerosene Or other hydrocarbon to the float chamber accomplished throughthe needle valve 34: and the float 39 by means of an intermediate rockerarm 43. The rocker arm a3 is fulcrumed on a pin it which passes throughthe outer extremity thereof, said extremity being in the form of a head45 embodying two curved arms l6 which loosely engage the lower end ofthe weight collar 38 of the needle valve 3%, the arms l6 embracing thevalve stem, as clearly shown by dotted lines in Fig. The inner end ofthe rocker arm t3 is enlarged and bifurcated, as at a7, and looselyengages a pin 18 projecting inwardly from the float 39 and carriedsolely by the latter. When the lloat tilts by reason of the lowering ofthe hydrocarbon in the chamber 6, the inner end of the rocker arm lowerstherewlth and the outer end of said arm elevates and raises the reducedextremity of the needle valve 3% from the seat 33 and permits the liquidhydrocarbon to flow into the chamber until the normal or predeterminedlevel desired is obtained in the float chamber, when the inner extremityof the rocker arm elevates and the outer extremity or head 45 thereoflowers and permits the valve 3% to close the bore or inlet port or duct3'2 to thereby shut off the further ingress of the hydrocarbon into thefloat chamber. To assist the float 39 in its sensitive operation it isprovided with a weight, as at 49, said weight insuring a quick drop orlowering of the portion of the float 39 beyond the fulcrum pointthereof. It will be seen that the float is of a tilting character, yetvery compact in its organization, occupying a comparatively small space,and by this means the general proportions and dimensions of thecarbureter are reduced, with advantages in the installation thereofwithout deterioration in operation. The operation of the float clearlyshown by Figs. 5 and 6, and as illustrated by Fig. 5 the'float 39 haslowered in its chamber 6 by reason of the fall of the liquid hydrocarbonbelow a certain predetermined point, and it will be seen that the rockerarm l3 has been lowered at its inner extremity and its outer or headextremity elevated, and as a consequence the valve is elevated. In Fig.6 the liquid hydrocarbon in the chamber has been restored to its normalpredetermined level. and the float 39 has risen, and as a consequencethe rocker arm $3 is in a reverse position and the valve 34: is closed.

The extension 8 is formed with a vertical duct 50 for the inlet of theprimary air to w rat may be termed a preliminary carburct ing chamber 51having an enlarged portion into which the duct 50 directly opens, and alower reduced portion intersecting the upper enlarged portion 52 as acontinuation of the latter, contracted throat 5 1 being formed at thepoint of intersection of the two portions and The chamber 51 as .by"Fig. 2.

a whole extends :inwardly at a downward angle ot inclination, and thelower reduced :portion53 thereoi'bpens into the-upper portionofthe;nozZle1chamber 7. A screw plug .55 is fitted in vand closes theupper terminal of the chamber 5l=and has an inward extension or guide56, the plug and extension being centrally boredato receive a valve stem57 formed with an upperscrew threaded enlargement 58 .to :acljustablyengage the ad jacent portion ofthezp'lug and an exterior headzillwhereby the stem 57 as a whole may beadjusted inwardly and outwardly asmay be desired in accordance with the operation of the carbureter. ion:the inner .end of .the stem 57 within thechamber 511a -valvei6O issecured and is movabledownwardlyinto and upwardly from the throat 5st atthe point of intersection of the upper enlarged portion 52 and the lowerreduced portion 53 of the said chamber '51. The duct .50 isof materiallyless diameter than any part of the chamber .51 and the valve 60 isoperable to modify the throat 754 relatively to the said duct 50 in amanner which will be hydrocarbon may be fed in part :through the nozzleplug 16 by way of the duct 21 to the nozzle opening into the chamber 51as explained.

Depending into the upper portion of the nozzle chamber 7 is a tube 6lwhich has its lOWQIeilCl extending-over the nozzle 19 projectingupwardly from the head 15, tl1e'upper end of-the tube opening intoanannular chamber in the cylindrical air charging duct 9 and provided byan inner reduced terminal or tubularextension 66 of a valve casing 67which engages the inner wall of the said air charging duct or-chamber9and the outlet 10. lhe valve casing 67 is remova'bly fitted in the aircharging duct or chamber '9 and the latter is enlarged, as at 68, toform with the inner reduced portion or tube 66 of the said valve casingthe annular space or chamber 65. The inner reduced portion or tube 66 ofthe valve casing 67 also formed with a plurality of openings 69 whichestablish communication between the interior of the valve casing and thesaid annular chamber The valve casing 67 has a flared inlet 70 with aspider or bracing means 71 formed with a central hub 72 having a screw-threaded bore therethrough to receive the screw-threaded stem 73 of a,

valve I'll cooperating with a seat 75 at the inner-terminal oi' theinlet :70. The valve 74 has an inwardlyprojecting sleeve 76 throughwhich the stem 73 extends, and on the nner end of the stem is ;a disk orstop 77. Be-

tween the disk or stop 7.7 and the inner side of the valve 74 andsurrounding the sleeve 76 and the inner portion of the stem 73 1s aspring 78 which operates to maintain the :tent as to render the stempractical in its adjustment in the hub 72. The outlet 10 is providedwith the usual butterfly or analogous valve :7 9 having anvexteriorlyprojectingoperating stem and controlllng the ilow of the fuel or of theexplosive mixture tion of the nozzle chamber 7 constitute a preliminarycarbureting chamber and the tube 64 around the nozzle 19 induces aninward and upward flow of the mixture to the annular space or chamber65; and from the latter the hydrocarbon and air in a comminute d 1 ormechanically vaporized condition 'pa-ss'through the openings 69 into-theinner reduced extremity or tube 66 of the valve cas1ng:67 where themixture is charged with air and then passes on'through the outlet 10,

when the valve 79 is opened.

Assuming that the float chamber 6 is charged with oil, either lowgradeor other gasolene or coaloil, to the level desired or predetermined,:the valve 60 will be moved inwardly by adjusting'the-stem 57 until theshoulder 59 of the head 59 bears against the outer end of the plug 55.By such adjustment the area of the throat 5a is reduced by the valve'60to the area of the duct 50, and by this means the chamber 51 or theprimary air charging means remains undisturbed or is filled with freeair which is open to cooperation with the nozzle in the extension 8formed by the bore 61 in communication with the nozzle chamber 7 throughthe medium of the duct 21 by way of the nozzle. Thevalve 74 is thenoperated to set-up a suction or to draw up a charge of oil from thespray nozzle 19. This is a low speed adjustment only and is accomplishedsolely through the operationof the air valve 74: through the medium ofthe stem 73. The motor will then bespeeded up until the charge becomesthin from lack of oil, and then'the valve 60 is adjusted outwardly tofully open the chamber 51, which also serves as a duct. By moving thevalve (30 outwardlyto the position shown by Fig. the restricted passagein the'throat 54: is

eliminated and the inflowing air forms a partial vacuum at the pointwhere the nozzle G1 communicates with the chamber or duct 51. The valve60 is moved. outwardly only a sutlicient distance to throw up thedesired amount of oil through the nozzle 61 by way of the duct 21,channel and bore 1'? of the nozzle plug 16. 1t all of the resistance toa tree passage or" air at the throat 5-l was removed, or it at first thevalve was adjusted outwardly too far, the charge would be entirely toorich. Therefore it will be understood that this adjustment of the valve60 in an outward direction should only be made at high speed of themotor so that when the motor dropped to low speed the vacuum would soweaken at the spray nozzle 61 that the oil would cease to flow throughsaid nozzl and the spray nozzle 19 then be peunitted to supply the oilfor low speed. It will be observed that the adjustments regulating themixtures are pneumatic and are only two in number. The purpose of theseadjustments and the arrangement of the ducts and noz zles is to give acorrect proportion of air and oil and absolutely mix the latter. Theprimary air enters through the duct and thence passes to the spraynozzles 61 and 19 and breaks up the particles or oil and carries it in aseemingly vaporized or pulverized state into the annular chamber 65,where it is discharged through the openings 69 into the inner extensionor tube 66 of the valve casing 67 and comes into contact with the mainvolume of air admitted by open ing the valve 74. It will be understoodthat the number of openings 9 should be suiticent to cause a thoroughmixture of the oil and air. By adjusting the valve inwardly or outwardlya proper mixture can be determined, and it the shoulder 59 of the headis against the outer end of the plug there is no vacuum at the spraynozzle 61 for the reason that the valve 60 will then be projectedinwardly within the throat 5e and the latter consequently restricted inits area. If the valve is moved outwardly to give a full opening or toclear the threat 5%, the vacuum at the spray nozzle 61 will be equal tothat at the spray nozzle 19 for the reason that the restricted passagein the air duct as a whole will then be established by the duct 50. Theobject of the float feed organization, as will be understood, is tomaintain a constant level of oil at a fixed elevation in the spraynozzles 61 and 19. As hereinbetore indicatechthe float 89 when in normalposition has the greater portion thereof submerged, andthe up and downmovements of the float'controlled by the level of the oil in the chamber6 sets up a corresponding movement of the needle valve 3%, The point ofcontact or the pin as on the rocker arm a3 is about the center ofgravity in every direction relatively to the float in view of theposition of the weight e9. It the pin as was omitted and the floatallowed to move freely as in ordinary float constructions embodied inthe usual forms or carburetors, two oil levels would be establishedwhich would be objectionable, especially in the operation of the presentim proved carburetor. By using the bushing 4-0 in the float 39 on thefulcrum pin 41 and positioning the said fulcrum eccentrically, the floatis caused to have a partial rotation during its upward and downwardmovements without relieving any of its weight or operating effect fromthe pin 48. The

cfect of the weight 4:9 on the float is essential in the operation ofthe latter. When the liquid hydrocarbon of whatever character it may bebegins to lower from the predetermined normal elevation thereof in thefloat chamber 6, the weighted float partially rotates and startsdownwardly or gravitates in the said chamber, and as the greater portionof the float carrying the weight lowers it naturally becomes heavier, asit were, or more effectiv in its leverage on the pin 48 and thegravitating needle valve 34E is more quickl opened by reason of thecorrespondingly quick downward movement of the upward movement isquickened or is ren-' dered faster than the elevation of the oil surfaceand the valve 3% is caused to close more rapidly than it wouldotherwise, and the result is that the predetermined oil level within thechamber 6 is soon reestablished and maintained throughout all conditionswithout any perceptible change. In other words, the particular mountingand construction of the float 39 eucourge the float to rapidly descendwhen the liquid hydrocarbon in the float chamber 6 begins to lower andsaid float becomes submerged and is'not delayed. by the downward gradualmowement'oi the liquid, the valve 84 being opened to permit ingress of acharge of liquid hydrocarbon to the chamber 6 before the normal level ofthe liquid in the floatchamber has been materially modified. Conversely,the float begins to rise and reaches an elevation suflicient to shut offthe valve 3 1% or permit the latter valve to fully gravitate'just at thetime that the normal el of liquid hydrocarbon is reached in the floatchamber. It will therefore be seen that the upward and downwardmovements of the float are more rapid than the corresponding vem nts a tl q i 1135110? carbon in the chamber 6, the acceleration of the downwardmovement of the float being due to the weight applied thereto and thequickening of the upward movement of said float resulting from a greaterbuoyancy existing in view or the particular mounting of the float andthe less effective action of the weight under the latter conditions.There is no resistance to the up and down move ments of the float by thefulcrum of the latter or the pin 48, and as a consequence the float willbe very sensitive in its operation in maintaining a predetermined levelof the hydrocarbon in the float chamber 6 and will not be affected bymovements over uneven road surfaces, and hence when the carbureter isonce adjusted it remains so in all conditions of operation. Ashereinbefore indicated, the adjustments can be made irrespective of theposition of the vehicle embodying the motor to which the carbureter isattached, and the carbureter will regularly operate to supply the motorwith a proper mixture without deterioration, no matter what the roadconditions may be.

It will also be observed from the foregoing that the liquid hydrocarbon,such as gasolene, low grade gasolene, kerosene or other suitablehydrocarbon, will be mechanically broken up or comminuted by contactwith the air at the nozzles, as hereinbefore described, and a partialmixture will ensue prior to the subjection of the sprayed or comminutedhydrocarbon to the main volume of air in the inner extension or tube 66of the valve casing 67, the richness of the mixture depending solelyupon the adjustments hereinbefore described. One of the main advantagesof the improved carbureter is the economical use of the hydrocarbon informing the explosive mixture without relying upon heat as a vaporizingmedium.

What is claimed is:

1. A carbureter having a nozzle chamber closed at the bottom andprovided with an oil supply in communication with the lower portionthereof, a main nozzle dividing the said chamber into distinct upper andlower parts, the said nozzle being tubular and in communication with thelower part of the said chamber and having a. reduced extremityprojecting into the upper part of the chamber, the carbureter alsohaving air inlet means laterally communicating with the upper separatepart of the said chamber and a secondary spray nozzle opening into theair inlet means at a distance from the point of communication of thelatter with the upper part of the chamber, adjusting means in the airinlet means for regulating the mixture of air and hydrocarbon, and meansin communication with the nozzle chamber for supplying a main volume ofair to the primarily associated air and hydrocarbon to effect amechanical breaking up and comminution of the globules of thehydrocarbon and form an absolute mixture of air and hydrocarbon prior toexit from the carbureter.

2. A carbureter having a nozzle chamber in communication with an oilsupply and provided with a closed bottom, a main nozzle extendingupwardly through the said chamber and dividing the latter into upper andlower separate parts, the carbureter also having air inlet meanscommunicating with the nozzle chamber and a secondary spray nozzleexposed to the air inlet means at a distance from the point ofcommunication of the latter with the nozzle chamber, and means incommunication with the nozzle chamber for supplying a main volume of airto the primarily associated air and hydrocarbon to effect a mechanicalbreaking up and comminution of the globules of the hydrocarbon to forman absolute mixture of air and hydrocarbon prior to exit from thecarbureter.

3. A carbureter having a nozzle chamber with a main nozzle extendinupwardly therethrough and separating the chamber into upper and lowerparts, the chamber and nozzle having communication with the hydrocarbonsupply, an air inlet open to the upper partof the chamber and upperterminal of the said nozzle, a secondary spray nozzle opening into thesaid air inlet at a distance from the point of communication of thelatter with the nozzle chamber, and means in communication with theupper part of the chamber and the main nozzle for supplying a mainvolume of air to the primarily associated air and hydrocarbon to effecta mechanical breaking up and comminution of the globules of thehydrocarbon and form an absolute mixture of air and hydrocarbon prior toexit from the carbureter.

t. A carbureter having an air inlet, main and secondary nozzlesrespectively in communication with opposite extremities of the said airinlet and also provided with means for supplying them with hydrocarbon,adjusting means in the said air inlet between the nozzles, means forsupplying the main volume of air into the carbureter independently ofthe said air inlet, and communicating means between the means forsupplying the main volume of air and the said air inlet whereby air andhydrocarbon may be primarily associated in proportionate parts and fedto the main volume of air at a lower temperature than the latter air.

5. A carbureter having dual spray nozzles therein separated from eachother, a primary air feeding means to the opposite extively exposed,means for supplying the nozzles with hydrocarbon and to set up aspraying action thereof and whereby hydrocarbon and air may bepreliminarily asso- 5 eiated in proportionate parts, and means forsupplying the main volume of air to the carbureter, the preliminarilyassociated air and hydrocarbon being passed to the main volume of air,at a less temperature than 10 the latter air to effect a thoroughbreaking up of the hydrocarbon and oommingling of the latter With themain volume of air Within the earbureter.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing Wit- 15 nesses.

FRANKLIN lV. HAGAR. lVitnesses E. M. KELLY, B. G. TOMLIJ.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

